What Is Theological Ethics Essay - 2606 Words

What is theological ethics? That is the question we have been trying to answer throughout this semester. We have read â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel who was a teenager when he was taken to concentration camps. How can his story of survival, help us keep our faith and live a moral life? We also read â€Å"The Moral Disciple† by Kent A. Van Til. He shows us that being a moral disciple is a way to become a good person. How can living morally, help us live ethically? The next book we read is â€Å"Fear of the Other† by William H. Willimon. Willimon shows us examples of immoral acts in today’s society. Can we change to act differently even though some social norms are immoral? The final book we read is titled â€Å"The Good Life† by Richard Gula. He gives us what a good life should be and how we can live it. As well as these readings, we read Genesis, Exodus and Matthew. These three books in the Bible give us the basis of Christian Ethics. All of these readings come together to one conclusion. In this paper, I will talk about how all of these readings connect to prove that we are all creatures. â€Å"Night† is a story about Elie Wiesel who was a teenager when he and his family were taken from their home to concentration camps. This novel gives us a chilling depiction of the terrifying scenes he saw including the death of his family and almost the death of his faith in God. In the beginning he believed in God unconditionally and could not imagen life without him. He believed that God isShow MoreRelatedI Am A Student In The Master Of Divinity Program At Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary,1325 Words   |  6 PagesI am a student in the Master of Divinity program at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, anticipating graduation in May 2017. The Master of Divinity program has broadened my whole understanding of the Church and God, and has established a desire to further explore theology in the academy. Th erefore, I am applying to the Master of Theological Studies program, with a desire to focus on Theology and Ethics. I am seeking admission into this program to further my growth as a scholar and researcherRead MoreThe Shape of Practical Theology638 Words   |  3 PagesBook Report: The Shape of Practical Theology In The Shape of Practical Theology: Empowering Ministry with Theological Praxis, Ray Anderson attempts what he considers a new approach to modern Christianity. Anderson believes that the modern church is plagued by a significant divide between theology and practical Christianity. Many churches approach these two aspects of religion as if they are separate, rather the practical sides of Christianity lacking. Therefore, Andersons goal in the book isRead MoreDat Based On The Information Given From The Book1686 Words   |  7 Pageshand, is a Pioneer McDonald Professor at Carey Theological College, Vancouver, British Columbia. He is a former student of Miller’s. Stanley had his trainings in various parts of the world. He preached and gave lectures at churches, colleges, universities, and seminaries in North America, Europe, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Stanley also served in gospel ministry. Author and credentials: Ed L. Miller is a well known figure in the realm of theological studies. Numerous articles, reviews, translationsRead MoreWilliam Clifford And William James1091 Words   |  5 PagesSince the 19th century, William Clifford and William James have been the foremost religious theorist and have attempted to answer significant creation and theological mysteries. However, Clifford and James have varying views on the belief debate, each formulating a rational argument of what the basis for belief should be. Clifford’s, Ethics of Belief and James’ The Will to Believe outline their respective arguments which are vastly similar and but have marked differences. Both articles will be examinedRead MoreThe Spiritual Persective to the Book of Proverbs is Faith, Hope, and Charity664 Words   |  3 PagesPerspective The book of Proverbs Chapter 3, verses 5-6 says: â€Å"Trust the Lord with all you do. Do not depend on your own understanding and seek HIS will in all you do. He will make straight your path† (NLT). This verse is evidenced in every aspect of theological virtues. These virtues are infused through divine grace (Sokolowski, 1995), and are characteristics of human personality that manifest themselves only through eternal salvation. The three characteristics are Faith, Hope, and Charity. I was quiteRead MoreSubject of Research: Medical Ethics and Christianity706 Words   |  3 PagesSubject of Research: Medical Ethics and Christianity Medical ethics is an arrangement of moral principles that relates to values and judgments through the practice of medicine. When it comes to medical ethics, Christianity plays a very big role in this moral belief just as any other religion does. In our daily practice of medicine, the seven principles of medical ethics is a vital part in life-and-death decisions, and it is always up-to-date on human life issues. The one that I mainly wanted toRead More History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1967) and Garett Hardins The TragedyRead Moreâ€Å"Ethical Language Is No More Than Expressions of Emotion.† Discuss.913 Words   |  4 PagesEthical statements could be said to be no more than expressions of emotion depending on whether you take a cognitive approach to meta-ethics or a non-cognitive approach, and which branch of that approach you believe in. Ayer was an emotivist and therefore took the non-cognitive approach to meta-ethics. He believed that ethical language is subjective and not objective. He said that ethical statements are merely expressions of liking or disliking a certain action, so if you say that ‘Murder is wrong’Read MoreWilliam Clifford s Ethics Of Belief Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesand overall creation. In the Ethics of Belief, Clifford asserts that it is always wrong to believe based on insufficient evidence, a theme that would follow his opinion on every issue he chose to tackle. William James was an American psychiatrist and philosopher, born in 1842 and touted as the leader of the philosophical movement of Pragmatism and of the psychological movement of functionalism (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014). James’ rebuttal to the Clifford’s Ethics of Believe, was the famed WillRead MoreLetter Sample Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesChristian ethics, as well as face-to-face undergraduate courses in religion on our residential campus. I am academic advisor for our MAR students. I am also responsible for supervising seminary faculty and staff, budget oversight and assessment. I bring pastoral experience having served as Campus Minister over a body of diverse students and faculty at a faith-based university. I trust my attentive and collaborative leadership style, administrative experience, and passion for theological education

Combatting Against Terrorism Essay - 1591 Words

It is in human nature to harness aggression towards one another for the cause of strong sentiments of religion and passion. Most people from differing cultures have large disregard and disagreement for another person’s cultural practices, and of course this is no different with Terrorism. Although terrorism has dated back to the 1920’s as far as United States history goes, the 21st century has brought on a new age of terrorism comparable to the Red Scare of the 1950’s. The frequency of terroristic threats and attacks in the 21st century outnumber the terroristic threats and attacks of the eighty years prior to the beginning of the 21st century, exhibiting the unfortunate fact that terrorism is a trending crime. Essentially, Terrorism has†¦show more content†¦citizens fear and death in order to cause collateral damage. All-in-all, the crime of Terrorism usually has a political, religious, or ideological goal such as causing fear, damage, and death for m anipulation. The Boston Marathon Bombing is the most recent major terrorist attack, as it took place on April 15th, 2014. A tragedy that ended with the deaths of four U.S. citizens and more than 260 others, the Boston Marathon Bombings were high magnitude terrorist attacks. The Boston Marathon Bombings were caused by Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and his alleged companion (and brother) Tamerlan Tsarnaev, two Russian refugees whom immigrated to the United States around 2002. Although their motives are mainly unknown, it is often speculated that the brothers committed this crime in order to cause fear and chaos to retaliate for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The attacks mainly consisted of motives of payback towards the United States in return for the Muslim lives lost in the wars mentioned above. The conclusion to the Boston Marathon Bombings came on April 18th/ April 19th, 2013 in which 26 year old Tamerlan Tsarnaev was shot down in a gunfight with police (killing one police officer in the process), and 19 year old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev being injured in a gunfight and inevitably taken into custody were he remains today. In essence, the Boston Marathon Bombings were one of the largest terrorist attacks that United States citizens have experiencedShow MoreRelatedFreedom Isn t Free : Combating Terrorism1709 Words   |  7 PagesFreedom Isn’t Free: Combatting Terrorism Means Setting Aside Constitutional Liberties Derek Davis Liberty University CJUS 400 – B02 Johnny Sanders â€Æ' Freedom Isn’t Free: Combatting Terrorism Means Setting Aside Constitutional Liberties Throughout history, America has been confronted by opponents who wish to challenge its sovereignty. Over time, these challenges have been coined terrorism, and those that engage in terrorism have been known as terrorists. While allowing terrorism to thrive is an optionRead MoreWhy Canada Should Pursue And Combat All Potential Terrorists On A Global Scale1541 Words   |  7 Pagesattacks, the world must discuss how to effectively combat terrorism in a way that minimizes harm. Throughout the following paper, I will summarize four contrasting responses to terrorism, included in a document adapted from Terrorism: How Should We Respond, of the Choices Program at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University. I will then discuss why I believe Canada’s most effective response to terrorism would be a unique combination of Options Two and Four. I believeRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminology And Criminal Justice Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pageson the coun try or region (Dammer Albanese, 2011, p. 26). 3. Explain the difference between international and transnational crimes. Provide three examples of each (provide descriptions of these crimes). International crimes are simply, â€Å"crimes against the peace and security of mankind† (Dammer Albanese, 2011, p. 2). In other words, international crimes are deplorable acts of crime that violate international agreements, treaties, or law. Examples of these crimes include genocide, torture, warRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Domestic Terrorism1491 Words   |  6 PagesTruly Terrorism? Homegrown terrorism or domestic terrorism is commonly associated with violent acts committed by citizens or permanent residents of a state against their own people or property within that state without foreign influence in an effort to instill fear on a population or government as a tactic designed to advance political, religious, or ideological objectives. Definition The definition of homegrown terrorism includes what is normally considered domestic terrorism. Since the 9/11Read MoreTerrorist Organizations Essay951 Words   |  4 Pageseffectively combat the financing of terrorist organizations. a. Recommendation for Governmental Entities Regulation by governmental entities, both international and domestic is vital to the combatting of terrorist financing. However, to increase governmental efficiency in combatting the financing of terrorism, the following recommendations should be considered. First, the promulgation of more regulations, both internationally and nationally, to further increase the transparency charities. As itRead MoreWith The Election Of Donald J. Trump, The United States1825 Words   |  8 Pagesintent to change what he perceives as a weak and fearful United States. Trump’s foreign policy differs from Obama’s in a few ways, and yet, these very differences seem to reach the same conclusion of not creating a United States safer from terrorism. Terrorism has long been a problem, but with the dawn of the 21st century, the problem became the United States’ premier issue in the global scene. The September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center ignited a significant change in US policy abroad.Read MoreTerrorism Research Paper953 Words   |  4 Pagesfreezing of assets, with U.S. policy being â€Å"starving the terrorists of funding and shutting down the institutions that support or facilitate terrorism.† It was already illegal to provide or collect funds for acts of terrorism or to provide material support to designated terrorist organizations . The Office of Foreign Assets Control, within the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network are two bureaus within the U.S. Treasury Department that rely onRead MoreA Brief Note On The Terrorism And Terrorism1064 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Homegrown Terrorism Terrorism is terrorist activity either made on one’s homeland or made on another person’s country, which is/has become a huge concern for the United States. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the US has taken huge measures to make sure there were not foreign attacks made on US soil again, but what about domestic attacks? The attacks of 9/11 left more than 3,000 civilians dead and more injured, but the number of deaths caused by homegrown terrorism far exceeds thatRead MoreTerrorism Is Not A New Concept Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pageson the World Trade Center was not executed by a state actor. Instead, it was the act of terrorism by a group known as Al Qaida. The fight against this terrorist group would continue over the next decade. By most accounts, the struggle even continues today. While this was one of the worst terror attacks in modern history, terrorism is not a new concept. Terrorism dates back to the nationalists’ fights against established govern ments, but has amplified since the 1970’s. New terrorist groups are constantlyRead MoreWomen s Liberation Movement Of The 1960s And Burn Our Bras1091 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipants in terrorism as a means to support their cause. MOTIVATIONS â€Å"When men conduct suicide missions, they are motivated by religious or nationalist fanaticism, whereas women appear more often motivated by very personal reasons.† (Bloom Dying, 145) Women tend to be drawn to terrorism for five reasons: revenge, redemption, relationships, religion, and respect. Revenge is often used as a motivation for retaliation against the death of a family member. Women who are shamed use terrorism to â€Å"wipe the

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Free Essays

Introduction The range of Infrared region Is 12800- 10 cm-l. It can be divided into near-infrared region (12800 – 4000 crn-ll mid-infrared region (4000 – 200 crnl ) and far-infrared region (50 † 1000 cm-l). scientists have established various ways to utilize infrared light. We will write a custom essay sample on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Infrared absorption spectroscopy is the method which scientists use to determine the structures of molecules with the molecules’ characteristic absorption of infrared radiation. Infrared spectrum is molecular vibrational spectrum. When exposed to Infrared radiation, sample molecules selectively absorb radiation of pecific wavelengths which causes the change of dipole moment of sample molecules. Consequently, the vibrational energy levels of sample molecules transfer from ground state to excited state. The frequency of the absorption peak is determined by the vibrational energy gap. The number of absorption peaks is related to the number of vibrational freedom of the molecule. The intensity of absorption peaks is related to the change of dipole moment and the possibility of the transition of energy levels. Therefore, by analyzing the infrared spectrum, one can readily obtain abundant structure information of a molecule. Most molecules are infrared active except for several homonuclear diatomic molecules such as 02, N2 and C12 due to the zero dipole change in the vibration and rotation of these molecules Concept: Fourier transform spectroscopy Is a less Intuitive way to obtain the same Information. Rather than shining a monochromatic beam of light at the sample, this technique shines a beam containing many frequencies of light at once, and measures how much of that beam Is absorbed by the sample. Next, the beam Is modified to contain a different combination of frequencies, giving a second data point. This process is repeated many times. Afterwards, a computer takes all these data and works backwards to Infer what the absorption Is at each wavelength The beam described above is generated by starting with a broadband light source† one containing the full spectrum of wavelengths to be measured. The light shines into a Michelson interferometer†a certain configuration of mirrors, one of which is moved by a motor. As this mirror moves, each wavelength of light in the beam is periodically blocked. ransmitted, blocked, transmitted. by the Interferometer, due to wave interference. Different wavelengths are modulated at different rates, so that at each moment, the beam coming out of the interferometer has a different spectrum. Fourier Transform of Interferogram to Spectrum The interferogram is a function of time and the values outputted by this function of time are said to make up the time domain. The time domain Is Fourier transformed to get a frequency domain, which is deconvoluted to product a spectrum Step 1: The first step is sample preparation. The standard method to prepare solid sample for FTIR spectrometer is to use KBr. About 2 mg of sample and 200 mg KBr re dried and ground. The particle size should be unified and less than two micrometers. Then, the mixture is squeezed to form transparent pellets which can be measured directly. For liquids with high boiling point or viscous solution, it can be added in between two NaCl pellets. Then the sample is fixed in the cell by skews and measured. For volatile liquid sample, it is dissolved in CS2 or CC14 to form 10% solution. Then the solution is injected into a liquid cell for measurement. Gas sample needs to be measured in a gas cell with two KBr windows on each side. The gas cell should first be vacuumed. Then the sample can be introduced to the gas cell for measurement. Step 2: The second step is getting a background spectrum by collecting an interferogram and its subsequent conversion to frequency data by inverse Fourier transform. We obtain the background spectrum because the solvent in which we place our sample will have traces of dissolved gases as well as solvent molecules that contribute information that are not our sample. The background spectrum will contain information about the species of gases and solvent molecules, which may then be subtracted away from our sample spectrum in order to gain nformation about Just the sample. Figure 6 shows an example of an FTIR background spectrum. Figure 6. Background IR spectrum The background spectrum also takes into account several other factors related to the instrument performance, which includes information about the source, interferometer, detector, and the contribution of ambient water (note the two irregular groups of lines at about 3600 cm-l and about 1600 cm-l in Figure 6) and carbon dioxide (note the doublet at 2360 cm-l and sharp spike at 667 cm-l in Figure 6) present in the optical bench. Step 3: Next, we collect a single-beam spectrum of he sample, which will contain absorption bands from the sample as well as the background (gaseous or solvent). Step 4: The ratio between the single-beam sample spectrum and the single beam background spectrum gives the spectrum of the sample (Figure 7). Advantages: Speed: Because all of the frequencies are measured simultaneously, most measurements by FT-IR are made in a matter of seconds rather than several minutes. This is sometimes referred to as the Felgett Advantage. Sensitivity: Sensitivity is dramatically improved with FT-IR for many reasons. The detectors employed are uch more sensitive, the optical throughput is much higher (referred to as the enable the coaddition of several scans in order to reduce the random measurement noise to any desired level (referred to as signal averaging). ? Mechanical Simplicity: The moving mirror in the interferometer is the only continuously moving part in the instrument. Thus, there is very little possibility of mechanical breakdown. Internally Calibrated: These instruments employ a HeNe laser as an internal wavelength calibration standard (referred to as the Connes Advantage). These instruments are self-calibratingand never need to be calibrated by the user. How to cite Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Papers

Increasing Value Of The Internet Of Things â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How Internet Of Things Systems Deploy People And How Internet Of Things Can Grow Into Trusted Eco Friendly System In Cities? How Internet Of Things Can Be Designed To Prevent People From Exploitation Where In Now Days All Persons Depend On The Devices Of Internet Of Things? How Internet Of Things Can Be Designed To Make An Encouragement Among The Individuals So That They Can Contribute By Sharing The Infrastructure? Answers: Introduction Internet of Things is the devices that are used in daily lives for making our life smart and automatic. Internet of Things is the devices that do their work automatically without any human effort and helps to complete the work with the help of internet. Internet of Things needs a Bluetooth connection, Wi-Fi connection or an Internet connection to establish connection in between them. In this report the details of the Internet of Things are discussed. Their related issues and their application in daily lives are also studied. The drawbacks of the management of Things are studied and the challenges that are faced by the user while using Internet of Things are described elaborately. This report gives a details discussion on Internet of Things and their uses. Challenges of Internet of Things The challenges that are faced by Internet of Things are in three sectors. Any new technology that comes in new trend faces challenges in these three sectors (Rymaszewska, Helo Gunasekaran, 2017). The areas where Internet of Things faces challenges are: technology, society and business. The technologies that are needed to make the Internet of Things faces challenges in security, compatibility, longevity, intelligent action and analysis and also connectivity. The business sector faces challenges that are in mainly three areas- Consumer Internet of Things, Commercial Internet of Things and also in the devices of Internet of Things that are in industrial sector (Ng Wakenshaw, 2107). The challenges that are faced from the society comes from different sectors which includes customer demands and their requirements, the new devices comes in trend at a very fast pace which faces a challenge in the society. Also the Internet of Things devices are changing and expanding which faces a challeng e. Problems related to Internet Things The problems related to Internet of Things are the problem with data, problem in connecting with the remote assets and big data challenge. Problem with Data- The devices of Internet of Things deals with numerous amount of data. All those have to be analyzed and processed in the real time (Gerpott May, 2016). The problem arises in processing those data in the devices of Internet of Things. The large quantities of data in Internet of Things devices increases in data centers which creates a place for capacity, analytics challenges and faces new security. Connecting the remote assets- Accounting to Miorandi et al. 2016, the problem arises in Internet of Things device in connecting the assets remotely. The system and devices will be connected and data stream is provided and the management system is decentralized. The location of the devices, activity, status and function of the system and also enables to get the details of the person who owns the device and operates them are all traced by remote access. The Big Data challenge- To mitigate the challenges that are faced by big data technologies like NoSQL and Hadoop which gives high capacity, parallel processing and scalability. Technologies of Internet of Things The technologies of Internet of Things that are enabled are RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), NFC, Bluetooth, LTE-A, Wi-Fi Direct, low energy Bluetooth and also protocols that are oriented with low energy radio (Gubbi et al., 2013). The networking functionality that are specified are supported by these technologies in Internet of Things system in comparison with the common devices and systems. Application of Internet of Things There are many areas where the Internet of Things is applied. Here are four real world application of Internet of Things. Smart Home- Internet of Things is applied to make a home smart and automatic place to live in (Atzori, Iera Morabito, 2014). Smart Home includes devices of Internet of Things such as automatic light sensor, automatic water controller, Echo Amazon Dot, Smart Phone sensor, lamp light controller, car driveway sensor, automatic lawn sensor, automatic cooker, door sensors, face recognition camera and many more things. Wearables- The wearables that are used for humans such as fitness band which shows the information about the users body. These fitness bands are connected to their smart phones and iPhones that show the data about their blood pressure, bone density and many others. Connected cars- The Internet of Things has reached to the level where it has invented the automatic digital technology. Connected cars are built so that it understands the comfort of the passengers automatically. This is a car which is driven automatically and maintains all its operation automatically. The car has sensors and internet connectivity which allows the passenger with comfort. Industrial Internet- This application of Internet of Things is mainly applied in the industrial sector of engineering which includes big data, software and also sensors. These technologies make great machines in the industrial sectors. Clarification on drawbacks of Internet of Things The main three concern of Internet of Things are the over reliance of technology, losing jobs and the data breach privacy. Data breach privacy is a great issue in the Internet of Things sector (Borgia, 2014). Mainly the phone data breach creates a main drawback in this area of Internet of Things. Another argument in the Internet of Things is over reliance over the technology. The generation now days has grown up with the internet and technology availability which creates a drawback. Depending on the technology that fully and making decisions on what the technology wants may create a great devastation in human life. The devices of Internet of Things are not fault less or robust. The new generation will totally collapse if the system or the technology they are using collapses. The dependency on the Internet of Things should be made less so that if the system fails, then also all the work can go on smoothly. The increase on Internet of Things devices results in less human interaction (W hitmore, Agarwal Da Xu, 2015). Machines and technologies having Internet of Things does not need human to regulate them. They are all automated and do their work by their own. So people are losing their job making the state unemployed. This creates a drawback to the Internet of Things devices which initiates loss of jobs. Issues of Internet of Things The challenges that are faced by Internet of Things are in three sectors. Any new technology that comes in new trend faces challenges in these three sectors (Granjal, Monteiro Silva, 2015). The areas where Internet of Things faces challenges are: technology, society and business. Technology- The technologies that are needed to make the Internet of Things faces challenges in security, compatibility, longevity, standards, intelligent action and analysis and also connectivity. Security- This involves giving security to the devices of Internet of Things that has taken most of the part in the technology sector (Al-Fuqaha et al, 2015). Hacking of devices should be minimized so that the personal data of the user does not get lost and they do not have to face data breach. The security is the most common issue that is faced by the Internet of Things devices. Longevity and compatibility- As the passing days, the devices of Internet of Things are facing more competition among the devices that are being invented. The technologies have to be compatible and have to have a long life which will help them to survive in the market. The compatibility issue comes from the cloud services, diversity among the firmware and also in M2M protocols. Standards- The standard of Internet of Things includes communication protocols, network protocols and also the standards of data aggregation (Turner et al., 2014). The standards that are included are the way to handle, store and process the data that are being collected from the servers. The scale, frequency and scope of the data are involved in the process of data aggregation. Intelligent action and analysis- This is the last stage of Internet of Things implementation. This is used to extract insights from information for analysis. The analysis is driven from the cognitive technologies and also their accompanying models. Connectivity- This is the one of the biggest issue faced by Internet of Things and all the present communication tools and underlying technologies will be defied in future for this connectivity. The present connectivity depends on a server client paradigm and is centralized to authorize, connect the nodes at different network and also authenticate those servers. Business- Business Internet of Things faces problems in legal security and regulatory. Internet of Things is divided into three categories in issues related to business. Consumer Internet of Things includes connected devices like smart phones, smart cars, connected appliance, laptops and many more (Stankovic, 2014). The commercial Internet of Things includes device trackers, medical devices that are connected and inventory control. And lastly the industrial Internet of Things that includes manufacturing robots, pipeline motors and all other connected devices. One of the most Important Issue of Internet of Things One of the most important issues that are not discussed in the above discussion is the privacy issue that comes in Internet of Things. This is a unique challenge that is faced by the Internet of Things. The privacy issue is becoming most important factor in the devices of Internet of Things. The devices of the user can be tracked. The tracking devices that are available are for car phone and smart televisions. The device can be hacked and this creates a problem for the user who using the device. This hacking of data from the devices of the customers hampers the privacy of the customer (Sicari et al., 2015). The vision feature and the voice recognition and also the conversation are continuously sends to the cloud service which creates a chance to hack and a third party may get the data or also may alter the information that is being sent. This faces challenge in the privacy law and the data protection law. Some strategies are to be developed so that the privacy is offered to the devic es that are used by the customers in this era of new services and technologies. Impact of Privacy Issues and Applications The advanced technology that is widely used in this modern world is the Internet of Things that are applied in many sectors such as transportation, smart home, environment monitoring, well being application and also the industry sector. Internet of Things helps the user to make decisions and supervise their surroundings (Riggins Wamba, 2015). The Internet of Things improves the life of the people and creates new opportunities to the people. It creates a momentum for market competition and also increases the economic growth of the country. The processing and collecting of data are focused by many researchers in Internet of Things. Novels are also processed and architectures are communicated by other researchers. Wireless sensors are also used to collect the data and also help to process those data and take help of cloud service to store the information. Internet of Things also uses paradigm of big data that helps to analyze and compute the capabilities of those devices. Reflection on Internet of Things According to me, Internet of Things is the most modern technology that has evolved in the era of digitization. All generation people, from youth to old take help of this Internet of Things in daily life. All the systems and devices that are used in daily lives are connected to internet and are automated. People are relying on devices of Internet of Things more than anything else to do their every day work. The issues of Internet of Things are to be kept in mind so that data breach does not occur. And in devices should be used to that extend so that it does not becomes our daily habit to use those system. Everyone should make sure that their life can go on without the devices and services that are provided from the Internet of Things. Conclusion From the report, a clear view is obtained about the security issues that are faced by the Internet of Things in this world of digitization. This report deals with all the challenges that are faced by Internet of Things, the security issues, relevant technologies, applications of the technologies, clarification on vague areas and research questions. This paper also summarizes the problem that is faced by Internet of Things. The impacts of such issues are also discussed and lastly reflection is given on what is discussed in the paper. References Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of things: A survey on management technologies, protocols, and applications.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(4), 2347-2376. Atzori, L., Iera, A., Morabito, G. (2014). From" smart objects" to" social objects": The next evolutionary step of the internet of things.IEEE Communications Magazine,52(1), 97-105. Borgia, E. (2014). The Internet of Things vision: Key features, applications and open issues.Computer Communications,54, 1-31. Gerpott, T. J., May, S. (2016). Integration of Internet of Things components into a firms offering portfolioA business development framework.info,18(2), 53-63. Granjal, J., Monteiro, E., Silva, J. S. (2015). Security for the internet of things: a survey of existing protocols and open research issues.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(3), 1294-1312. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future generation computer systems,29(7), 1645-1660. Miorandi, D., Sicari, S., De Pellegrini, F., Chlamtac, I. (2012). Internet of things: business, applications and research challenges.Ad Hoc Networks,10(7), 1497-1516. Ng, I. C., Wakenshaw, S. Y. (2017). The Internet-of-Things: Review and research directions.International Journal of Research in Marketing,34(1), 3-21. Riggins, F. J., Wamba, S. F. (2015, January). Research directions on the adoption, usage, and impact of the internet of things through the use of big data analytics. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1531-1540). IEEE. Rymaszewska, A., Helo, P., Gunasekaran, A. (2017). IoT powered servitization of manufacturingan exploratory case study.International Journal of Production Economics. Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., Grieco, L. A., Coen-Porisini, A. (2015). Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead.Computer Networks,76, 146-164. Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(1), 3-9. Turner, V., Gantz, J. F., Reinsel, D., Minton, S. (2014). The digital universe of operations: Rich data and the increasing value of the internet of things.IDC Analyze the Future. Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., Da Xu, L. (2015). The Internet of ThingsA survey of topics and trends.Information Systems Frontiers,17(2), 261-274.

Austria essays

Austria essays The reason I choose this topic is because I might have some Austrian in my family. I thought that it would be cool to figure out some things about this country and also check if they are bad or good. In this article, they talk about a lot of things and how they think that the U.S looks at them like Barbarians and other interesting facts. The Atlantic Journal the Atlantic constitution; Atlantic, Ga.; Feb 13, 2000; Bert Roughton Jr.; Haider, 50, leads the populist right Freedom Party, which in recent days was installed as a coalition partner in Austria's new Government. This has caused a lot of drama in the country of Austria. A lot of people are raging around in Vienna. The police are dressed up in Riot gear because of the raging on the streets. Gargle says "It's crazy, he sits around with a beer in one hand and a Cuban cigar in the other. Two thirds of the people didn't even vote for him. What is an average Austrian to do?" The formation of this coalition caused outrage across Europe, where the freedom party is viewed as something between neo-Nazis and conventional U.S Republican conversations. While all this stuff was stirring in Vienna, on Thursday European rabbis said they would move a planned meeting from Vienna. One of the men in charge Joerg Haider is unacceptable to the European family of nations. Aba Dunner, secretary general of the conference of European Rabbis, told a Slovakian newspaper. The thoughts of the Holocaust, Hitler and SS and concentration camps are not acceptable at the start of a new century and never can be, since we know exactly what they led to in the 30's and 40's. In Switzerland, where the right-wing People's party captured 22.5 percent of the vote in the last election, European governments that opposed Haider were condemned as meddling. One poll showed half the Swiss opposed the action by the EU members. However the government goes at all this, Haider's su ...

Free Essays on Hiroshima

â€Å"Then a tremendous flash of light cut across the sky. Mr. Tanimoto has a distinct recollection that it traveled from east to west, from the city toward the hills. It seemed like a sheet of sun. John Hersey, from Hiroshima, p8 On August 6, 1945, the world changed forever. On that day the United States of America detonated an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima. This was something a little bigger then an ordinary bomb yet it could do so much more destruction. It could rip down houses, walls like a wrecking ball. In Hiroshima this atomic bomb killed 100,000 people mostly civilians and in Nagasaki three days later it killed 40,000 people. The Japanese government surrendered. The rest of the world rejoiced as the most destructive war in the history of mankind came to an end. Over the course of the next forty years, these two bombings, and the nuclear arms race that followed them would, come to have a direct or indirect effect on almost every man, woman and child on this earth, including the people in the United States. The atomic bomb would penetrate every fabric of American existence, from our politics to our educational system, our industry and our art. Historians have gone so far as to call this the ato mic age for the way it has shaped and guided world politics, relations, and culture. After the war, the first real piece of literature about the bombings came in 1946. The work Hiroshima, by John Hersey, first appeared as a long article in the New Yorker, then shortly after in book form. This book is a non-fiction account of the bombing of Hiroshima and the immediate aftermath. It is told from a point of view of six hibakussha’s, survivors of the atomic blast. In four chapters he traces how these people survived the blast and what they did in following weeks and months to pull their lives together and save their families. The book takes on a tone of sympathy and survival that these people were lucky enough to survive the blas... Free Essays on Hiroshima Free Essays on Hiroshima Hiroshima John Berger’s argument about Hiroshima really affected me when I was reading it. The way he used the real life examples, really touched my emotions. When I was reading about the child trying to put water into her dead mother’s mouth, I could picture it in my head, and I couldn’t believe it. I believe that John was trying to tell us, that in a war, too many people who have nothing to do with the war that are getting hurt. They are just in the wrong places at the wrong time and they are getting dragged into the war when it really has nothing to do with them. When we bombed Hiroshima, it is true that we did stop the war, but it had so many long term effects on the people that lived there. Berger writes, â€Å"The latter included long, lingering deaths, radiation sickness, many fatal illnesses which developed later as a result of exposure to the bomb, and tragic genetical effects on generations yet to come†(594). Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki ruined many innocent people’s lives, and I believe that is the point John Berger is trying to get across. John Berger sounds like he is regretful that the bombing had to affect so many people. He is not scared to tell us what he thinks about it, and that is why he comes off so strongly. By Berger giving us his point of view, he also brings up some controversial issues. Berger writes, â€Å"The two bombs dropped on Japan were terrorist actions†(595). Many people in the world saw the bombings as a way to get back at Japan for attacking us at Pear Harbor. Others would agree with Berger, but by him strongly expressing his opinion, he is allowing for people to disagree with him. When you go to war, you my hurt many more people need to. I think that Berger wants us to imagine someone that we love or care for in the war, and to picture them getting hurt or dying. It is easy to say â€Å"let’s go to war† but when there is someone you know that is in the war it is a l... Free Essays on Hiroshima â€Å"Then a tremendous flash of light cut across the sky. Mr. Tanimoto has a distinct recollection that it traveled from east to west, from the city toward the hills. It seemed like a sheet of sun. John Hersey, from Hiroshima, p8 On August 6, 1945, the world changed forever. On that day the United States of America detonated an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima. This was something a little bigger then an ordinary bomb yet it could do so much more destruction. It could rip down houses, walls like a wrecking ball. In Hiroshima this atomic bomb killed 100,000 people mostly civilians and in Nagasaki three days later it killed 40,000 people. The Japanese government surrendered. The rest of the world rejoiced as the most destructive war in the history of mankind came to an end. Over the course of the next forty years, these two bombings, and the nuclear arms race that followed them would, come to have a direct or indirect effect on almost every man, woman and child on this earth, including the people in the United States. The atomic bomb would penetrate every fabric of American existence, from our politics to our educational system, our industry and our art. Historians have gone so far as to call this the ato mic age for the way it has shaped and guided world politics, relations, and culture. After the war, the first real piece of literature about the bombings came in 1946. The work Hiroshima, by John Hersey, first appeared as a long article in the New Yorker, then shortly after in book form. This book is a non-fiction account of the bombing of Hiroshima and the immediate aftermath. It is told from a point of view of six hibakussha’s, survivors of the atomic blast. In four chapters he traces how these people survived the blast and what they did in following weeks and months to pull their lives together and save their families. The book takes on a tone of sympathy and survival that these people were lucky enough to survive the blas... Free Essays on Hiroshima Hiroshima: Right or Wrong? The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue over whether or not the US should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? Yes, it was. First, look at what was going on at the time the decision was made. The U.S had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Each side continued to fight, and both were determined to win. Obviously, the best thing that could have possibly have happened would have been to bring the war to a quick end, with a minimum of casualties. What would have happened had the -bomb not been used? The most obvious thing is that the war would have continued. U.S forces would have had to invade the home island of Japan. Imagine the number of casualties that could have occurred if this would have happened Also, our forces would not only have to fight off the Japanese military, but they would have to defend themselves against the civilians of Japan as well. It was also a fact that the Japanese government had been equipping the commoners with any kind of weapon they could get their hands on. It is true that this could mean a Japanese citizen could have anything from a gun to a spear, but many unsuspecting soldiers might have fallen victim to a surprise spear attack! The number of deaths that would have occurred would have been much greater, and an invasion would have taken a much longer period of time. The Japanese would have continued to fight the US with all of what they had; spears, guns, knives, whatever they could get their hands on, just as long as they continued to fight the enemy. One such novel that displayed the horrors of the atomic bomb is that of HIroshima by John Hersey. Hersey displays to the reader the true horror of the atomic bomb and it’s potential devastations. On the morning of August 6, 1945, the people were going about their normal business oblivious to any possibility of an at...

Middle East - 2 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Middle East - 2 questions - Essay Example The discussion establishes that the Arab Spring has led to the formation of Islamic monarchs that instill democratic governance systems to ensure devolution of the region’s resources towards equated development. It is critical to acknowledge that the Palestinian and Israeli differences that in the present state revolve around the issues of terrorism and inhuman political practices. The Arab Spring has influenced the constituent countries’ political ideologies and administration practices to acknowledge the new changes in the contemporary society. Arguably, the presented research asserts that the organization has forced the countries to deviate from the full enforcement of the Sharia law. Further, the Middle East nations have been against the controversial relationships that have been stimulating warfare and terrorism activities between the Palestine and Israel nations, while blaming Israel for the atrocities. Therefore, it is evident that the Arab Spring has influenced the heated differences between the Middle East and Western economies. The Islam religion has been subject to criticism concerning its support for terrorism. Critically, the accusations are demeaning to ensure that the Muslim faith loses its significance over other religions; hence, reducing the chances by which others may adapt the faith2. The Arab Spring’s ideologies and support for the constituent nations’ political structures and practices have spurred the political unrest in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya. The contemporary society has united towards the active demonstration against the inhuman activities being conducted by the nations in the above named Muslim nations3. It is known that religion is a choice to every human being, and the Arab Spring nations should deviate from engaging their disguised political interests towards the fight against the different ideologies.

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Term Paper Example Next, the paper briefly discusses Rome’s founding and the Emperor Octavian’s accomplishments. The Romans were threatened by the Celts led by Charlemagne the great, whose reign coincided with the Carolingian renaissance. From the Celts, we jump to the Americans who have gone through the declaration of independence, a civil war, end of slavery, women suffrage, and the civil rights movement. Finally, there is a comparison of three major religions in Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Mesopotamia is considered to be the birthplace of many things because it is the civilization’s birthplace. It was in Mesopotamia that the first cities were built. The first utilization of writing was also in Mesopotamia, as well as the first use of state control with state-funded projects, such as infrastructure and irrigation systems. It was also the first civilization to divide the state into provinces helmed by governors, as well as the first civilization to introduce laws and government (Braudel, 2009). Sargon was a conqueror and the emperor who came to power in Kish around 2270 BC, reigning for fifty-five years. During his reign, he fought a series of major battles that saw him conquer surrounding city-states. Eventually, he ruled over all of Mesopotamia in the region of the Fertile Crescent. Sargon is considered to be the stylistic and political forbear of the Babylonian and Assyrian kings that ruled over the succeeding 2000 years. Both characters in the epic of Gilgamesh and the Christian mythos were depicted as semi-divine and had reputable wisdom. Both characters are also endowed with superhuman power, with both stories leading to dramatic conclusions where the heroes have their hopes dashed. The Akkad was the city that the Akkadian empire centered on, including the surrounding Mesopotamian region. It was important because it was the first city to be fed by

W8 Supplemental DQ 1 @ DQ2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W8 Supplemental DQ 1 @ DQ2 - Case Study Example Since the effect of the software AOL 5.0 was not to cause physical damage but to affect other programmes which inadvertently led to the malfunctioning of the computers, the damages can not be considered under tort but economic loss for which they actually are (Scheb & John, 2011). By using the defective goods, the consumers suffer economic loss especially in the case where life is lost. This should be taken care of. The rule therefore discourages such a suit which actually should its responsibility because the person injured in this case, though not having any contract with the contractor, has suffered economic losses as a result of the contractor’s attempts to fulfill his contractual obligations. It is the responsible of America to provide quality medicine at affordable costs to its citizens. With the available human and technological resources within America, it is possible to provide the medicine to the citizens at the low costs without looking forward to other countries. This is possible through a better medical plan to cover the citizens against all kind of medical conditions. Since the patients are insured, they should not bargain for the pay of the hospital bills by the insurance firms (Adams, 2003). The insurance covers their illness to the point of all these illness and being forced to pay additional amounts for such insurance will mean limiting the extent of the insurance to only minor illness. It is clear that the serious or long illnesses if not terminal illness will incur economic loss to the person and so the economic loss rule can be an avenue to sue for such losses so that the firms, with whom they have insurance contract will pay for the damages (Davis, 2010) . The government should ensure, through appropriate legislations that insurance companies pay the bills for the clients in order to make the cost of medication cheap and affordable and avoid situations where clients have to bargain for such bills to be paid. Adams, C.. (2003).

Crime And Control Models Of Criminal Justice Criminology Essay

Crime And Control Models Of Criminal Justice Criminology Essay Throughout this assignment, it will aim to highlight the similarities and differences between the models of the criminal justice system, especially looking at the due process model and the crime control model. These models consist of challenging crime and allowing the right justice to be issued. Briefly, the due process model was designed to make sure individuals had their rights portrayed and that they had a fair trial to defend themselves in court. In contrast, the crime control model was established to try and ensure that weak criminal cases were dealt with quickly and discarded at the earliest opportunity (Packer, 1968). This meant that larger and more important cases would be dealt with leading to a conviction and punishment as soon as possible. Both models are significant to the criminal justice system and play a major role in identifying crimes and interpreting the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is a complicated system and is constantly changing due to ne w laws and awareness of crimes. The system varies from country to country with the criminal justice being different and having many contrasts with the law by which each country governs and establishes their authority. In England and Wales, the criminal justice system is made up of several agencies including the police, prisons and probation services. These agencies are governed and funded by the government and have to keep to the rules and regulations which the government issues. As these models are only theories from criminologists, this assignment will look into how they could affect the criminal justice system and what advantages or disadvantages they might cause. The criminal justice system is a system which has been set up in response to crime and is made up of a series of agencies which enforce the laws given by a government. In England and Wales, the criminal justice system involves; agencies who enforce the law; the courts system; the penal system; and the crime prevention scheme (Malcolm, D). These are the mains aspects of the criminal justice system which in general try to safeguard people within society and condemn and punishes those individuals who commit crimes. The criminal justice system has many aims and objectives which try to deliver justice in ways to protect the innocent and punish and convict the guilty. The biggest aim is to try and bring offences to justice and reassure the public they are being protected from criminals. They do this through orders of the court, such as collecting fines, and supervising community and custodial punishment (stated http://www.cjsonline.gov.uk/the_cjs/aims_and_objectives/). Many criminologists would agree that the criminal justice system within England and Wales has been effective towards stopping crime and enhancing punishment to those who committed crime. This can be shown through the increase of confidence which the public have identified by studying data from the National Criminal Justice Board (available at http://lcjb.cjsonline.gov.uk/ncjb/perfStats/confidence_e.html) which shows that there has been a 2% increase from March 2008 to June 2009 in the level of confidence among people in England and Wales. This indicates that the criminal justice system is gaining confidence from the public, however it is still a small proportion of people that have confidence, an estimated 39% in June 2009 (National Criminal Justice Board), had confidence that the criminal justice was effective and reliable. As mentioned above, the due process model is the understanding that a person who has come into contact with one of the criminal agencies cannot have their rights rejected without appropriate legal measures. Therefore any individual who is being or has been charged with a crime, they have several rights in which the criminal agencies have to uphold as the individual is protected under human rights which could be said to co-inside and relate to the due process model. Packer (1968) describes the due process model as having less faith in the criminal agencies, such as the police, and believes that among few criminal cases mistakes can happen and additionally, there is a chance of agencies acting corruptly or dishonestly. For that reason, this is why Packer believes this model is useful as it limits the coercive powers of the criminal agencies and if there is an occurrence of any mistake or corruption, an individual has the right to defend them self. Therefore, the main aim of the due pro cess model is to establish a system that an individual is innocent until proven guilty in court (Packer, 1968). Also mentioned above is the crime control model which is a model that Packer (1968) describes as the part of the criminal justice system which condemns individuals for doing an action which is seen as criminal. Packer describes this model as prioritizing in the convictions of individuals who have committed a criminal act and not waiting for the courts to decide. In his theory, Packer believes that this model is concentrated on the conviction and would risk the conviction of innocent people to achieve its goal. The crime control model can therefore be said to be the scheme set to punish people and make a difference towards society in reducing crime and showing the public that by these arrests and convictions, it may show the criminal justice system being effective and beneficial to society. As a result of these two models, which have been analysed and identified, it is possible to link each model together and highlight the similarities and difference which may be involved with each model. Firstly, a comparison that can be made about these models is that they are both essential in tackling crime and trying to reduce crime. Both models try to tackle crime and punish the people who have committed a deviant act. However, both models do this in different ways and how they approach a person who has committed a criminal act is contrasting. For example, the crime control model would say a person is guilty until proven innocent by the courts, whereas the due process model would say that an individual is innocent until proven guilty. Furthermore, there have been several more differences that have been identified compared to similarities which would suggest each model has taken a different approach in tackling crime. A difference which can be noticed is that the due process model believes that policing is the most effective way to tackle crime and it is essential in maintaining justice amongst society. However the crime control model believes that policing has a negative effect on society and more should be done to convict those who have committed crimes and reduce criminal activity. Throughout this assignment, there have been two models which have been identified and analysed through the theories of Packer (1968). However, there are other theorists, such as Michael King (1981), who have studied the criminal justice system and would argue that there were several more models which could make the criminal justice system effective. King (1981) has analysed the criminal system and has published a theory of six models which correspond to Packers theory but King has elaborated on it and argued that Packers work is too simplistic. Kings six models consist of; due process model; crime control model; medical model; bureaucratic model; status passage model; power model. Even though King agrees with Packer, he argues that these six models are essential to the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. Kings third model, which Packer does not include in his theory, is about rehabilitation which highlights that some criminals need treatment for their actions and need to be evaluated and treated in the correct manner to reduce them from conducting further criminal activities. This model is essential in identifying and reducing crime as it tackles the issues why criminals commit crime and how they should be punished depending on the mental ability. Therefore with this example, it shows that Packers theory may lack depth and could be said to be too bard and narrow minded which could lack creditability if put into place. However, Kings models do create some criticisms as it may cause further pressure on the criminal justice system to implement rules and procedures. Overall Kings extended models have highlighted that there are issues with Packers work and the models for the criminal justice system should be enlarged and taken into greater consideration. However, as these are only models and have not been put into place, it cannot be said to be more effective than Packers theory as neither of them have been placed into action. In conclusion to this assignment, there have been several issues raised with the due process and crime control models and how these models could affect the aims of the criminal justice system. As stated above, the due process could be said to be essential to the criminal justice system as many criminologists, such as Packer (1968) and King (1981), agree with the idea that people should have their rights portrayed and given an equal chance to defend themselves through the courts and justice system.

The Economy and Environment of Canada :: Geography

The Economy and Environment of Canada 1. The expression "official area of Canada" refers to the actual landmass of the country, thereby including all inland bodies of water, whereas "Greater Canada" includes external peninsular and coastal bodies of water (e.g. Hudson and James Bay). 2. As Hamelin stated, Canada has been both blessed and cursed by isolation and accessibility. Settlement was not possible in Canada until a relatively recent historical period. The Canadian coastline, at any point, is too great a distance to allow for regular trade via sea, thus creating an economic dependancy on the United States, Canada's oldest and original trading partner. This, however, has given Canada a relative amount of safety, being too inaccessible in historic battles. Given Canada's great expanse, it was forced to create an extensive communication/transportation network, the first wind from the bellows of Canadian industry. Because of Canada's size there are a variety of industries available for cultivation, however because of this diversity no one particular industry is focused upon and none are truly achieving their economic potential. 3. The average Canadian's view of Canada is one of a giant land mass extending from west to east, capped by hundreds of archipelagoes. The extent northward is often taken for granted given the practically nonexistant population (there are no large centres in the north) and the severed land. 4. There are few people living in the area north of 60 degrees for a few very obvious reasons. The sheer isolation is enough to drive any person from the area. There are no major commercial centres, and trade international trade is near impossible. The distance from Canada's single largest trading partner (The U.S.) is practically imeasurable. Even if that were not the case, sources of income are hard to come by given encironmental conditions. Mining and other resource based industries must deal with insurmountible cost and risk. 5. The most obvious agreements between the US and Canada are the FTA and the impending NAFTA. These economic agreements superficially remove trade barriers by eliminating tariffs and allowing the free exchange of goods, however the deal is much deeper than most realize. In the original FTA there are practically no environmental safeguards; we have all but sold our life blood (natural resources, most notably water) to the USA. It appears on the surface to be an act of sheer economic desperation designed to hold firm the trust and support of America with little thought for future stability. The NAFTA will see a surge of industry head south in search of cheap labour and lower taxes; the effect on the Canadian

Film and Persepolis

Persepolis is an animated film directed by MarJane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud. The film was based on the novel Persepolis written by MarJane Satrapi. It followed the storyline of the book. It showed the life of MarJane Satrapi growing up during the Iranian Cultural Revolution. Persepolis was very vibrant to look at with stunning visuals in its black and white animated style. The whole film was an emotional roller coaster ride from MarJane being extremely happy and in love to her homeless on the streets of Vienna. It held your interest from start to finish.The film garnered critical cclaim from its critics and it was nominated for several prestigious awards. It also did well in the box office by recording a fifteen million dollar profit. I thought that the film was very good myself and it really gave viewers an interesting look at the revolution. I thought that Persepolis was a very good movie. It was a coming of age film about MarJane growing up during the Iranian Cultural Revolut ion. It showed her vibrant personality and how she grew up to become the successful author and film director she is today.The whole film is done in an animation style and I really think this elped the film a lot. It gave the film a sense of originality and it was a big change from the things we normally see in films nowadays. Without the film being in an animation form I think that a lot would have been taken away from it. A lot of Persepolis' glamor came from the fact that it was animated. The animation helped viewers become more emotionally attached to MarJane. With this being said I thought Persepolis had a very good mix of drama, comedy, somber moments and it kept you interested throughout.I don't have any criticisms about the film at all. There wasn't ne point in the movie where I was bored, confused or Just uninterested in anyway. It was honestly one of the best movies IVe recently seen and I thoroughly enjoyed it. All of the movie reviews that I have seen online have been ver y good. From RottenTomatoes to New York Times movie reviews all of the reviews have been good. At RottenTomatoes the film had an extremely high percentage of critics that liked it at 97 percent. The New York Times called the film â€Å"a perfect expression of imagination† and Empire praised the film calling it â€Å"stark and beautiful†.I agree with most if not all of the movie reviews that IVe seen. The reviews all praised the movie for being able to have very smooth changes in mood and for its sharp visuals. Persepolis debuted at the 2007 Cannes film festival where it won multiple awards including the very prestigious Jury Prize. It then went on to achieve the most prestigious award at the London film festival by winning the Southerland trophy. In an interview with Moviefone a few days after Persepolis was released Satrapi explained why they decided to keep the film in the animated condition it was in in the novel.She explained that she didn't know how to type and sh e and Paronnaud ere more into art and drawing anyway. Satrapi stated in the interview that she and Paronnaud were not technical people (Satrapi 1). This is a reason that the film was in the format it was in. I think that keeping the comic book look helped the film a lot. It gave it a sense of originality and it allowed them to make funny over the top animations. The whole script was written in pencil by Parronaud and Satrapi because they didn't know now to use computers. I thought ith the whole vibe ot the movie.I thought that Persepolis was a very refreshing movie given the types of ovies that we see now. It had a little bit of everything. In the New York Times review of the film they agreed with my point that I made earlier about the animation greatly helping the movie. New York Times writer A. O Scott said that â€Å"if â€Å"Persepolis† had been a conventional memoir rather than a graphic novel, Ms. Satrapi's account of her youth in pre- and post-revolutionary Iran would not have been quite as moving or as marvelous† (Scott 1). I agree with this quote one hundred percent. As I stated earlier, the animation really helped Persepolis move along as a movie.I think that without the animation Persepolis would have been a boring movie and it wouldn't be relevant. This isn't to say that the storyline isn't good or well thought out I Just think that it wouldn't have been as successful or touching with real life actors portraying the roles. The review really seemed to praise the animation of Persepolis a lot. Scott claimed that the visuals of Vienna and Tehran turned the â€Å"geography into poetry' (Scott 1). He also praised the fact that Persepolis isn't an animated children's movie and that it's nice to see an animated movie being ble to have so much meaning.The rest of the review praised the movie for its moving characters and the great Jobs that Chiara Mastroianni, Catherine Deneuve and Danielle Darrieux did voice acting for the main characters o f the film. He said that Sony did a great Job by getting the movie voice acted into English because had it just been subtitled to English it would of took away from the authenticity of the film. All in all A. O Scott's review of the film was highly positive. He had no criticisms about the film. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film a very high review.His movie review was also very similar to my thoughts on the film. The visuals really helped the film according to Bradshaw Persepolis â€Å"funny and moving with a bracingly authentic feel, reproducing the graphic work with broad, bold strokes and a depth-of-field effect achieved with a recessive series of two-dimensional planes, like the ocean waves at the back of a panto set† (Bradshaw 1). I agreed with most of the comments that Bradshaw had for the movie. He thought that Persepolis was a fresh original story and it was told in a way that a story hasn't been told before.I thought it was nteresting that Bradshaws only cr iticism of the film was something that Scott had praised about the film earlier. Bradshaw didn't think that the English dubbed version was that good. He thought that Chiara Mastroianni and Catherine Deneuve both struggled with the voice acting and you can hear there heavily accented English accents. All in all Peter Bradshaw really liked Persepolis and his only criticism was a very minor one. Helen O' Hara of Empire magazine gave the film four out of five stars. She seemed to enjoy the visuals but not as much as Bradshaw and Scott did.She praised the film ore for its storyline did she did that animation. O' Hara really enjoyed MarJane as a young girl by stating â€Å"Mar]ane-as-a-child is one of the most appealing characters in years, happy to embrace new ideas like the latest Igglepiggle and believing herself, briefly, to be a prophet appointed by God† (O' Hara 1). I thought that O' Hara's interview went the deepest into the actual storyline and characters of the movie rathe r than the visuals. She really liked the film for the roller coaster of emotions that it sent you on and as I stated earlier sne really enjoyed Mar]ane as a character.O Hara also gave the animation good words. She thought that it was a real change from the incredible animations that we see nowadays in movies like Shrek but Persepolis pulled it off flawlessly. O' Hara made this point by saying â€Å"The monochrome animation is stark and beautiful, and MarJane's an appealing narrator. Often hilarious, sometimes tragic, this may be low-tech, but it's high-class† (O' Hara 1). I think that this is the perfect way to sum up Persepolis in one sentence. CNN's Tom Charity also gave the film very high praise. He thought the visuals were mazing and he also enjoyed the characters and the storyline a lot.He thought that Persepolis should of won an Oscar that year and he really enjoyed the originality of the film. I think that Charity enjoyed every aspect of the film more than any other pe rson who reviewed the film. He loved the characters the animation and the storyline. As with all the other reviews the main aspect of the article was Persepolis's visual animations. Charity claimed that â€Å"†Persepolis† has some of the blithe, spindly finesse of a New Yorker cartoon, but a cartoon that at any given moment threatens to escend into inky expressionist gloom† (Charity 1).He really seemed to enjoy the throwback feel that Persepolis had and he thought that the film gave homage to Disney's earliest days. Charitys review gave me another viewpoint on Persepolis as a film. I never thought of the movie as a moving New Yorker cartoon or homage to some of Disney's earliest films. This made me appreciate the movie even more than I already did. When list. com writer James Mottram interviewed Satrapi we were able to get an insight into what Satrapi's meaning of the film was and how successful she thought he film would be in America.Satrapi stated she didn't lik e the film being called an autobiography because â€Å"An autobiography is a book that people write to solve the problems with those around them. They don't dare to say things to their family and friends, so they decide to write in revenge. That is not what I did. † (Mottram 1) I thought that the film was an autobiography as well but Satrapi made the film so I guess she knows best. Later in the interview Satrapi explains that she thought the film would be successful in the United States. She claimed that the average American erson wasn't â€Å"ignorant and dumb†.I think that MarJane's attitude and demeanor in her real life interviews really reflects her character in Persepolis. The interview mainly focused on the hard work that it took to make Persepolis. MarJane stated that she thought â€Å"all of her animators would do the work and she would end up rich and famous† but this wasn't the case. She said she was the first one there and the last one to leave every day but her hard work paid off. This was shown by her 15 million dollar profit. All in all I thought that Persepolis was a fantastic movie and the reviews I have ead have agreed with me.The visuals were stunning and the characters were very easy to connect with. It was the most interesting autobiography that I have ever seen and it taught me a lot about a topic that I didn't know anything about. I think that Persepolis was close to flawless as a movie can get. There were no serious complaints about it from anyone and I couldn't even find a bad review for it on the internet or anywhere else. Persepolis shows that thinking out of the box can really pay off if it's done right, and I think it really should motivate people to follow their visions.

An Overview of Lingua Franca and Pidgins

An Overview of Lingua Franca and Pidgins Throughout the course of geographic history, exploration and trade have caused various populations of people to come into contact with each other. Because these people were of different cultures and thus spoke different languages, communication was often difficult. Over the decades though, languages changed to reflect such interactions and groups sometimes developed lingua francas and pidgins. A lingua franca is a language used by different populations to communicate when they do not share a common language. Generally, a lingua franca is a third language that is distinct from the native language of both parties involved in the communication. Sometimes as the language becomes more widespread, the native populations of an area will speak the lingua franca to each other as well. A pidgin is a simplified version of one language that combines the vocabulary of a number of different languages. Pidgins are often just used between members of different cultures to communicate for things like trade. A pidgin is distinct from a lingua franca in that members of the same populations rarely use it to talk to one another. It is also important to note that because pidgins develop out of sporadic contact between people and is a simplification of different languages, pidgins generally have no native speakers. The Lingua Franca Arabic was another early lingua franca to develop because of the sheer size of the Islamic Empire dating back to the 7th Century. Arabic is the native language of the peoples from the Arabian Peninsula but its use spread with the empire as it expanded into China, India, parts of Central Asia, the Middle East, Northern Africa, and parts of Southern Europe. The empire’s vast size exhibits the need for a common language. Arabic also served as the lingua franca of science and diplomacy in the 1200s because, at that time, more books were written in Arabic than any other language. The use of Arabic as a lingua franca and others such as the romance languages and Chinese then continued worldwide throughout history as they made it easier for diverse groups of people in different countries to communicate. For example, until the 18th Century, Latin was the main lingua franca of European scholars as it allowed easy communication by people whose native languages included Italian and French. During the Age of Exploration, lingua francas also played an enormous role in allowing European explorers to conduct trade and other important communications in the various countries in which they went. Portuguese was the lingua franca of diplomatic and trade relations in areas like coastal Africa, portions of India, and even Japan. Other lingua francas developed during this time as well since international trade and communication was becoming an important component to nearly every area of the globe. Malay, for instance, was the lingua franca of Southeast Asia and was used by Arab and Chinese traders there prior to the arrival of the Europeans. Once they arrived, people like the Dutch and British used Malay to communicate with the native peoples. Modern Lingua Francas United Nations The Pidgin In order to create a pidgin, there needs to be regular contact between the people speaking different languages, there needs to be a reason for communication (such as trade), and there should be a lack of another easily accessible language between the two parties. In addition, pidgins have a distinct set of characteristics that make them differ from the first and second languages spoken by the pidgin developers. For example, the words used in a pidgin language lack inflections on verbs and nouns and have no true articles or words like conjunctions. In addition, very few pidgins use complex sentences. Because of this, some people characterize pidgins as broken or chaotic languages. Regardless of its seemingly chaotic nature though, several pidgins have survived for generations. These include the Nigerian Pidgin, the Cameroon Pidgin, Bislama from Vanuatu, and Tok Pisin, a pidgin from Papua, New Guinea. All of these pidgins are based mainly on English words. From time to time, long-surviving pidgins also become more widely used for communication and expand into the general population. When this happens and the pidgin is used enough to become the primary language of an area, it is no longer considered a pidgin but is instead called a creole language. An example of a creole includes Swahili, which grew out of Arabic and Bantu languages in eastern Africa. The language Bazaar Malay, spoken in Malaysia is another example. Lingua francas, pidgins, or creoles are significant to geography because each represents a long history of communication between various groups of people and is an important gauge of what was taking place at the time the language developed. Today, lingua francas especially but also pidgins represent an attempt to create universally understood languages in a world with growing global interactions.

Con qué frecuencia los turistas pueden ingresar a EE.UU

Con quà © frecuencia los turistas pueden ingresar a EE.UU Una de las dudas ms comunes  de los turistas que viajan a Estados Unidos es que no saben la frecuencia con la que pueden ingresar al paà ­s. Esta incertidumbre aplica tanto a los extranjeros que viajan con una visa de turista, conocida tambià ©n como de paseo, placer, B2 o B1/B2, como aquellos que pueden ingresar sin visa por pertenecer a un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visados o a los mexicanos que residen a lo largo de la frontera y utilizan una visa lser, tambià ©n conocida como de cruce. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quà © dice la ley sobre la frecuencia de ingresos asà ­ como las posibles consecuencias. Asimismo, al final, se hace referencia a otros problemas relacionados con este asunto: tiempo mximo permitido de presencia, posibles extensiones y castigos por no respetarlo.  ¿Con quà © frecuencia puede un turista ingresar a EE.UU.? No hay ninguna ley o normativa que especifique cunto tiempo un turista extranjero tiene que permanecer fuera de Estados Unidos antes de regresar. Pero si se quieren evitar problemas conviene tener presente que para ingresar como turista el fin es precisamente ese o recibir tratamiento mà ©dico. Si el oficial del control migratorio tiene conocimiento o meramente una sospecha de que la finalidad del ingreso es otra distinta, habr problemas con absoluta seguridad. Por ejemplo, si sospecha que detrs de visitas muy seguidas est el hecho de que se est buscando trabajo lo cual no est permitido por las leyes migratorias o, incluso, de que ya se est trabajando sin documentacià ³n que lo autorice. Tambià ©n se puede sospechar que la persona extranjera est estudiando dentro de EE.UU. sin visa de estudiante. Otra sospecha frecuente es que el oficial migratorio puede pensar que detrs de ingresos muy frecuentes est el hecho de que se est conviviendo con un familiar o una pareja sin tener una tarjeta de residencia permanente. Obviamente, habr personas que por sus circunstancias personales no sern sospechosas. Por ejemplo, tienen un gran capital y entran y salen de EEUU frecuentemente para simplemente comprar, etc. Pero otras sà ­ que llamarn la atencià ³n y harn que el inspector de Inmigracià ³n se pregunte:  ¿tiene dinero suficiente para pagarse unas vacaciones tan largas?,  ¿ha dejado de trabajar o de estudiar en su paà ­s de origen y por eso pasa temporadas tan grandes en EEUU? Y,  ¿estar buscando trabajo, etc.?  ¿Quà © sucede si se sospecha de las intenciones de un turista? Lo cierto es que pueden suceder varias situaciones. En primer lugar, el inspector de Inmigracià ³n le impide el ingreso, bien permitiendo una retirada de la intencià ³n de entrar a EEUU o bien mediante una expulsià ³n inmediata. Es muy importante entender quà © realmente pasà ³ en el paso migratorio, ya que los efectos entre una retirada y una expulsià ³n son muy diferentes. Si en el  control migratorio escriben I-275 en el pasaporte, es importante conocer las consecuencias. En segundo lugar, es posible que el oficial migratorio envà ­e al turista a una segunda inspeccià ³n, en otras palabras, el famoso cuartito. Destacar que en el paso migratorio no aplican las protecciones constitucionales de los Estados Unidos. Los extranjeros no tienen derecho a un abogado y las autoridades puedne acceder a sus computadoras y telà ©fonos celulares. En tercer lugar, puede que permitan al turista ingresar, pero la sospecha sobre quà © hay detrs de ingresos tan frecuentes puede saltar en  el momento en que toca renovar la visa. En ese momento consulado probablemente va a negar la peticià ³n. Es imprescindible tener claro que tanto el oficial del paso migratorio al llegar a EE.UU. como el del consulado puede negar o revocar/cancelar una visa basndose tan sà ³lo en la sospecha de que no se cumplen los requisitos para la visa o de la finalidad del viaje a Estados Unidos. Ni aduanas y consulado deben probar nada. Otros problemas migratorios de los turistas Relacionado con el tema de la frecuencia de los ingresos est el de cunto tiempo se puede permanecer legalmente en EE.UU. Si se tiene visa de turista, el fijado en el I-94, tambià ©n conocido como documento de registro de ingreso o salida. Con visa de turista se puede solicitar una extensià ³n, si se cumplen los requisitos. Si se ingresa con una visa lser, el establecido por las reglas de à ©sta. Y si se ingresa sin visa por ser de un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de visados el tiempo mximo de la estadà ­a es de 90 dà ­as, los cuales no pueden extenderse bajo ninguna circunstancia. Si no se respetan los tiempos mximos de estadà ­a, el turista se convierte en un extranjero indocumentado, con todos los problemas que eso conlleva. Adems, su visa se cancela y los que ingresaron sin visa ya no podrn acogerse a los privilegios de ese programa en el futuro. Otro problema recurrente de los turistas es que algunos utilizan su presencia en EE.UU. para un fin no autorizado. Si se descubre, tendrn problemas migratorios serios. En esta categorà ­a se incluyen circunstancias como ingresar como turista e inmediatamente casarse con un ciudadano y pedir arreglar los papeles, aunque el matrimonio sea real, ya que se considera que es un fraude ya que se pidià ³ el ingreso como turista. De interà ©s para turistas extranjeros en Estados Unidos Estados Unidos es el segundo paà ­s del mundo que recibe ms turistas internacionales, solo despuà ©s de Francia. Estas son  las 10 atracciones ms visitadas de Estados Unidos.   Finalmente  en muchas ocasiones los problemas surgen, simplemente, de la ignorancia, del no saber. Para ello se propone este test de 12 preguntas sobre la visa de turista con explicacià ³n de sus respuestas correctas que ayudar a sacarla, conservarla y renovarla.  ¡Demuestren cunto saben! Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Critical Thinking and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Critical Thinking and Ethics - Essay Example The principles and rules of critical thinking are not applicable to ethical reasoning. Besides, critical thinking and ethical reasoning ought to be treated as distinct independent entities. This is because critical thinking are more drawn to human personal qualities as portrayed by (Elder 2007). The ethical reasoning on the other hand are set standards by an institution or even organization as revealed above. This therefore means that any organization can set standards to be followed by its members irrespective of what the members think of the ethics. Furthermore, we can take religious ethics to bring out a much clear understanding of this subject. Each religion is always bound to its ethics which define its code of conduct. Someone from a different religion with different ethical codes of conduct may then critically perceive the other religion to be bound by erroneous behavior but that is just how he or she alone thinks. It is imperative to acknowledge that logic is not the psycholo gy of reasoning but instead the principle of correct reasoning (Lau & Chan 2004-2015). Therefore, even if everyone followed the rules and guidelines of logic there would still be need for decision ethical making. This is because different people reason differently and many a times people tend to uphold to their reasoning even when it is not ethically right. As much as we are bound by the rule of logic to principles of correct reasoning ethical reasoning should still be treated as a distinct entity with its own principles.

Texas admitted to the Union in 1845 Research Paper

Texas admitted to the Union in 1845 - Research Paper Example The path of Texas from early colonization to statehood has always been filled with events important to American history as a whole. The first humans to inhabit the land were Native Americans. Over 30,000 Native American tribes roamed the land1. One tribe, the Caddos, were known for not only being a peaceful tribe, but for their distinctive tattoos and clothing2. It is believed that the very word â€Å"Texas† can be traced back to Native Americans, as the word â€Å"Tejas† is thought to be the Spanish translation for the Caddo word â€Å"friend†3. However, the Native Americans of Texas history were not allowed to live peacefully, as Europe soon came in to colonize their lands. The first country to colonize Texas was Spain. In 1519 Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda made a map of the Texas coastline, allowing Spain to establish its first foothold4. In 1528, Spanish conquistador Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca came to what is now Texas in search of â€Å"cities of gold†5. However, the land was not formally claimed for Spain until 1598, and the first permanent Spanish settlement and mission, Corpus Christi de la Isleta, took another eighty-four years to be formed6. Once this was done, Spain would not be forced away from them until hundreds of years in the future. The main objectives for the Spanish were gold and population growth. No amount of gold was ever found, and many lost their lives while looking for the wealth they believed to be in the area7. In 1682, permanent Spanish missions were established by priests to convert the local Native American population to Christianity8. The belief behind this was that converting the Native American population would strengthen the position of Spain in the New World9. Though the priests tried their best, their actions were hampered by the death rate of Native Americans upon being exposed to European diseases10. This did not deter the Spanish from building

Prior to the 19th century Europe had little impact on East Asian Essay

Prior to the 19th century Europe had little impact on East Asian developments - Essay Example White presence in the countries of the Far East was predominantly commercial and confined to the coastal settlements where traders and soldiers got together under the auspices of Western men-of-war, yet in truth relied on their hosts’ goodwill. For the major empires of China or Tokugawa Japan shogunate they were both strategically and politically marginal and insignificant1. Furthermore in China, Joseon Korean kingdoms and in Japan religious and social structures were rather resistant to rapid change and conferred much stability continuity. The systems of Buddhism and Taoism were taking hold along with Confucianism that emphasized individual moral obligations to the society. Neither in China nor in Korea nor in Japan was an individual viewed as ultimately autonomous. Furthermore these societies did not focus on individual freedoms. Nevertheless continuity and stability are relative notions. Asian cultures developed a curious patchwork of social customs, languages, religious be liefs and different ways of thinking. Ancient varieties of astrology, geomancy and animism were still omnipresent, particularly in rural areas where pantheism offered plenty of opportunities for religious tolerance. In China, Korea and in Japan reverence for elders, ancestors and deities of nature, dating from thousands of years before Christ, were considerably amalgamated into newer mode of thinking. In most places religious systems were linked to the complicated social structures. These cultures were not fit to separating political and social affairs from belief or faith. Such distinctions made no sense in most parts of East Asia. Likewise they make no sense nowadays either. Religious and quasi-religious systems are present in all aspects of human life: in politics, family and social relations, in philosophy2. For example, Confucianism is notable for both being a system of political, personal and social ethics as well as for being an effort to explain the world as a whole in ratio nal terms. It lays down a rule of life that tends strongly to keep social hierarchy and order. It has long existed side by side with Buddhism, Taoism and even with Marxism. There even have been several religious wars in Japan and in China similar top those in Europe. The imperial â€Å"Celestial† monarchy of China went on to look predominantly inwards. Within a period between 750 and 1100 the population of almost doubled so by the beginning of the 16th century China, with her 100 million people, had already had the largest number of subjects than any kingdom of that time civilized world. Yet in 1386 the Chinese Ming defeated the heirs of Mongol Kublai Khan, expelled Mongols and assumed the imperial power. They developed sciences, arts and various technologies to rather high level. At the beginning for the fifteenth century, they moved their capital northward from Nanjing to Beijing. This 800-mile transfer involved great expenses for new walls palaces and for the transport. Fo r all those cultural developments, nevertheless, there was much ossification. As for Europeans time has always been linear for the people of Far East cultures time have been cyclical. European societies tended toward the rule of law. Their despotisms were mollified by custom, privileges, charters and rights of towns and after all by law. Celestial Empire in its turn developed bureaucratic and centralized methods of

Bank Julius Baer Case Essay Example for Free

Bank Julius Baer Case Essay Before the arrival and leadership of Stuart Adam (â€Å"Adam†), Bank Julius Baer, North America (â€Å"BJB-NA† or the â€Å"Company†), the largest independently-owned European private bank in the United States, faced financial difficulties. By mid-2001, a worldwide market downturn caused a significant decline in Julius Baer Group’s (â€Å"JB† or the â€Å"Parent†) performance. In 2001, JB’s stock price was down by over 40% while the Parent experienced a 39% decline in net profits, 9% increase in operating expenses and an increase of 14% in employee headcount. BJB-NA, the â€Å"crown jewel† of JB, was barely profitable but no one inside the Company knew its true financial condition. JB had always been led by a member of the Baer family until January 2001. Despite significant family ties at JB, BJB-NA did not have a strong leader to drive the company. There was a lack of clear vision or direction for the Company. BJB-NA did not focus on profitability as a measurement of success. The attitude around BJB-NA was more about â€Å"keeping the peace† than creating any conflict or hostility. Even with a passive work environment, employee morale was low. Employees tended to blame other parts of the Company for their problems. The competitive environment in the High Net Individual (â€Å"HNI†) private banking sector increased dramatically during the 1990’s. BJB-NA was a boutique private bank in a business where bulge bracket firms dominated the competitive landscape. As such, the key factors for success in the HNI market were now recognized as differentiation (not cost leadership), improved client relationship management, broad product range and strong client-responsiveness. BJB-NA strived to be a partner organization that differentiated itself from the competition by satisfying the needs of its clients. The existing organization structure consisted of BJB-NA organized into four regionally-based â€Å"teams. † Poor communication existed throughout the Company as the staff didn’t know what was going on and there was little cohesion among units. BJB-NA operated on a â€Å"need to know† basis. Team leaders were not responsible for their own budgets, as it was not known if their teams were profitable or not. To further support the lack of accountability at BJB-NA, the Company did not have a systematic performance valuation system and lacked a compensation system tied to customer growth and returns. Bonuses were virtually guaranteed and all bonus decisions were made by Bank’s top leadership. Most likely, there were employees who â€Å"flew under the radar† if they underperformed since the Company never laid anyone off. Adamà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Changes and Evaluation Adam arrived at BJB-NA and immediately laid out an action plan to turn around the Company. One of Adam’s best early moves was his selection of Denise Downey to head the Segmentation Study Team. Downey was well respected by the employees that she led and was able to thoroughly evaluate the organization and deliver results to the Company and Adam. Based on the Segmentation Study, Adam wanted BJB-NA to really stand-behind its promises to be a partner organization. He encouraged full transparency and a strong focus on measurable results and accountability. Specifically, he focused on the following three initiatives: Refocus the Company strategy: Adam emphasized that BJB-NA shift its focus to Europeans, Asians, Canadians and Latin Americas who live outside the U. S. who had U. S. based asset management needs. By targeting specific geographic and customer segments, it allowed the Company to specifically focus its strategy and resources rather than spread itself too thin to satisfy a larger, diverse customer base. In addition, he asked some longstanding personal clients who were not profitable to close their accounts. Not only did this change the Company’s customer focus, but also, it signaled to employees that Adam had confidence and high expectations for BJB-NA. Establish new performance expectations: Adam developed productivity assumptions that would hold employees more accountable. He established measurable criteria related to book value, relationships and accounts. Previously, Company employees truly did not know their clients. As a result, it was difficult for management to identify top and low performers. Adam’s established criteria that pushed Relationship Managers past their comfort zone. Before Adam took the helm at BJB-NA, almost everyone received bonuses regardless of their performance. Tying a bonus program with a structure performance evaluation system incentivizes those who bring success and growth potential to the Company. Modify the organization structure: Adam slightly altered the structure of BJB-NA by having a client-segment focus within existing geographic areas. As such, the decision making processes were now decentralized to each of the regional teams. Previously, the advisory and product services departments worked with all regions. After Adam took charge, he assigned advisory teams to each of the different regions to further strengthen customer relationships. Recommendations BJB-NA recognizes that its future success hinges on one important factor: its clients. Our consulting firm wants the Company to further expand and impact its clients beyond what Adam has already planned. Our approach is a client-centric strategy that focuses on two key initiatives: (1) Aggressively recruiting top talent to enhance client acquisition and performance (2) Overhauling the compensation scheme and performance measures. Each initiative, accompanied by supporting tactics, will align to elevate the client experience, resulting in deepening wallet share, increasing warm referrals, and building the BJB-NA brand in supreme customer service. I. Recruiting the Right Talent. Recruiting the right people to manage and advise BJB-NA’s clients will be critical to sustaining long-term growth and increasing assets-under-management. Recruiting will align with the Company’s geographic approach to segmentation by adopting three tactics:  · Local talent recruitment – a successful private banker needs an outgoing, service-orientated personality, and the ability to connect with potential and existing clients. In connecting with clients, it becomes mandatory that future private bankers will be recruited from local regions. This strategy will generate bankers who know the local customs and cultures, speak the language, and are involved in the community. As a result, it creates comfort and familiarity for potential clients.  · Recruit from bulge bracket private banks –Company acquisition is not a feasible option at this time. However, employee/talent acquisition is an even better method to help improve the Company. Bulge bracket private banks are typically a part of much larger conglomerates, often weighed down high-level corporate strategies and â€Å"red tape. To attract bulge bracket private bankers, BJB-NA should promote an entrepreneurial environment that offers autonomy and flexibility while still offering resources found at larger firms. Recruit from ultra-boutique private banks – BJB-NA should actively target private bankers from smaller, boutique firms that have larger books, but have a need for a more global reach. Private bank clients are becoming more global, and with that, have a specific need for banks that have an international presence. BJB-NA provides a solution with offices in Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the United States. At the same time, by aggressively recruiting boutique bankers, BJB-NA will be able to expand its presence by acquiring the books of these bankers who may have a strong presence in untapped markets within the targeted regions. II. Restructuring Compensation and Performance Measures BJB-NA should introduce a compensation scheme that will not only be more beneficial for keeping clients’ interests first, but also offer higher potential incentives for the Company’s bankers. First and foremost, bankers will be paid based on client portfolio performance. No one will be paid on the basis of commission. While this tactic may seem counter-intuitive in the short-term, especially in the midst of a struggling economy, it acknowledges BJB-NA’s long-term commitment to its clients. Other positive externalities resulting from a new compenstation structure include: differentiation from competition, potential referrals from clients, and attention to BCB-NA’s innovative thinking. In short, BJB-NA’s message is: â€Å"We make money only when our clients make money†. Second, standard annual bonuses will be foregone. Employees would be accountable for their performance and compensated accordingly. BJB-NA will incentivize bankers by the value they add to their clients and related portfolio performances. This compensation structure ultimately rewards bankers who take of their clients and strive to grow their assets under management. Finally, BJB-NA should revise the position title of its company leaders. To accurately reflect the duties of the position, the title †Team Leader† should be changed to â€Å"Managing Director (MD)†. MD’s would have full PL and people-management responsibilities of his/her respective branch. In addition, MD’s could receive an additional bonus based on the branch’s bottom-line performance. This change will push decision-making down to MD level, promoting entrepreneurship and autonomy. III. Management and Leadership Since Adam decided to resign from his position as the leader of BJB-NA, it is vital for the Board of Directors to select a successor that will be able to implement the changes initiated under Adam’s tenure. As discussed, BJB-NA needs to aggressively put its clients before anything else in its business. The new successor should be an experienced professional who deeply understands the Company’s clients and industry. Taking these requirements into consideration, we recommend that the Board of Directors pick Adam’s successor from a list of internal candidates only. Currently, the firm is in a state of fragility. Employees are stressed and morale is low. With the initial round of layoffs that included six people, any move will be highly scrutinized and may have a long-term impact on the organization. Employees were already caught off guard with Adam’s resignation, especially after he led the restructuring efforts at an off-site meeting that seemed to build positive momentum. To replace Adam’s with an external candidate may put the Company in a state of flux. An external candidate would not have attended the restructuring meetings and participated in the Segmentation Study. He/she may have different views of how the organization should be changed. In addition, the HNI private banking industry is built around relationships. To bring on a new leader who hasn’t built a strong rapport with a majority of the Company’s clients would make the leadership transition a difficult process. One potential internal candidate BJB-NA should consider is Denise Downey. Downey is currently the Head of U. S. Domestic Clients, but more importantly she led the Segmentation Study that evaluated areas of improvement needed at BJB-NA. Employees viewed Downey as a strong, effective leader who always delivers results. As a sign of trust, Adam gave Downey significant autonomy during her time leading the study. Elevating Downey to the C-suite level would be a fairly seamless transition. Downey has significant experience understanding the clientele of BJB-NA since she already leads U. S. client group. With all of the â€Å"client-focused† changes that need to be implemented by Adam, Downey will be best candidate to effectively communicate the steps needed during the transition period. For example, during her time as the Segmentation Study leader, Downey took the initiative to send updates to the entire bank. Alternate Approaches Deviating from a client-centric strategic plan could negatively impact BCB-NA’s future success. Nonetheless, two other alternate approaches were considered. The first approach considered a compensation system where bankers would be paid variable commissions based on fee-based transactions. The variable in commissions would depend on the type of investment vehicles clients would invest in. This viable approach guarantees cash flows from transactions with no dramatic culture change. However, after careful consideration, this alternative was rejected since bankers would be incentivized more by selling a diversity of investment vehicles to clients rather than working for clients’ best interests. The second approach considered but rejected involved an overhaul of the organization structure. After the Segmentation findings, Adam seemed adamant about moving away from the geographic-focused organizational structure of the Company. As such, an alternative approach considered was to eliminate geographic departments and implement an organizational structure focused on client-type. One of the key success factors for companies in the private banking industry is to customize services based on the needs of customers. A BJB-NA client-focused structure based on client characteristics (such as wealth, age, income level) may be more advantageous, especially with raised expectations now required by Adam on bankers’ book of clients. Additionally, within a geographic organization, conflict may occur between local regional management and the executives at corporate. As such, this may hurt the opportunity for knowledge sharing and collaboration, values emphasized by the Baer family. However, as much as a client-focused structure might have its advantages, a geographic organizational structure still is the most effective for BJB-NA. Communication is much more personal in geographic organizational structures. Instead of calling or videoconferencing with olleagues across the globe, it forces employees to sit next to each other to form collaborative teams, values preached by the Baer family. In addition, it allows employees to understand each other’s personalities and work styles. Besides the human capital element, geographic work teams allow BJB-NA to hire leaders familiar with the local business environment, something vital for the relationship-focused private banking industry. Not only will employees understand the client better but the clients will be more comfortable around employees who share similar interests and culture.